Languages

Brunei official language is called Bahasa Melayu or Standard Malay. Standard Malay is used as a medium of instruction on most schools.

Another language that may be easily noticed in Brunei is Arabic. Arabic is the language used in Muslims’ holy book, the Koran. Being the state’s official religion, all followers of the Islamic faith have to learn some degree of Arabic to be able to understand the messages contained in the Koran.  The Arabic language is currently being taught in religious schools and as well as in schools of higher learning and so a great number of Brunei nationals would be proficient in Arabic.

The Chinese have also a minority status in Brunei. Different districts in Brunei has different Chinese dialects, like, Hokkien is mainly used only in the Brunei-Muara District while the Belait District have Cantonese and Hakka as the choice of language among the Chinese there. Hainanese, Hoisan and Fuchow are the other Chinese languages that are actively in use in Brunei.

The Brunei citizens have also a high proficiency for the English language as they have appointed three British nationals who sit in Brunei’s appellate court. Aside from that, the expatriate community of Brunei is a bit large and so English would really be a common denominator.

Mode of Education

For citizens of Brunei, education is free from the kindergarten level up to the highest level including university training abroad.  Education for children ages 5 to 16, which is the primary level up to the secondary level, is compulsory.  There are 6 years for the primary level and 7 years for the secondary level.  This is to maintain a high literacy rate. Educational services are financed by the government mostly from the revenues in petroleum production.  The Ministry of Educations controls the educational services in the country.  Islamic schools, also called Madrasas, were the main centres of their educational system until recently when the government has acknowledged the importance of western education.   Now, there are several modern schools in the country.  It is included in their educational policies to promote bilingual education, Malay and English.  

Primary and secondary educations are taught in Chinese, English or Malay.  For every district in the country, the government has established its own public school. There are also private schools all around the country.

There are schools that foreigners can choose from.  Most foreigners attend private mission schools, the International School or the Chinese School.  There are also several religious academies. 

In 1985, the country established the University of Brunei Darussalam.  The university has faculties for administration and management, arts and social sciences and science.  The country also has 2 colleges for training teachers and 5 vocational technical schools that include a training center for agriculture.  Still, most students prefer to study at foreign universities in continuing their tertiary education at government expense.

Types of Leisure Programmes

Events

Example:

Brunei consists of many cultures like Malayan, Chinese and Indian. The culture of Brunei is also considered to be affected by the Islam. Brunei celebrates many Festivals and Events as there are various races that live in the country. Some of the Festivals and Events in Brunei are:

• Hari Raya Aidilfitri
• Hari RayaAidiladha
• His Majesty the Sultan’s Birthday(15th July)
• Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday
• Chinese New Year in Brunei
• Christmas in Brunei
• Royal Brunei Armed Forces Day
• National Day, February 23

Hari Raya Aidilfitri

Hari Raya Aidilfitri is celebrated by the people belonging to the Muslim faith right after Ramadhan, the fasting month. On the very first day after Ramadhan, devout Muslims visit mosques in the early morning all over the country and offer their prayers. The Hari Raya Aidilfitri celebration is marked by cooking of sumptuous dishes like rice cakes( ketupat), beef and chicken kababs, rendang which is marinated beef. During this festival His Majesty the Sultan of Brunei opens the doors of Istana Nurul Iman and let the citizens of his country meet him and other members belonging to the royal family. He wishes them a very happy Hari Raya Aidilfitri.

Royal Brunei Armed Forces Day

Royal Brunei Armed Forces Day Festival is celebrated on 31st May, every year to commemorate the building of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces. The festival is celebrated right in the center of the city at Taman Haji Sir Ali Saifuddien. On this day military parades, battle demonstrations and parachute shows are held.

The Royal Brunei Armed Forces 49th Anniversary

His Majesty the Sultan’s Birthday

His Majesty the Sultan’s Birthday is celebrated on 15th July every year. The celebration begins with people from all over the country gathering at Taman Haji Sir Muda Omar Saifuddien which is located in the heart of the capital city of Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan. His Majesty meets his people and gives a speech or a titah. The celebration continues for the next two weeks during which there are fire displays in the sky, parades and processions are organized.

60th birthday celebrations of His Majesty the Sultan of Brunei Darussalam on 29 July 2006

A write-up on Brunei’s recreational programmes:

RECREATION 

Soccer is the most popular sport. The Brunei National Team won the Malaysia Cup '99. Local sports like silat, a form of Malay martial arts which won Brunei 3 gold medals in the 1999 SEA Games, sepaktakraw, a sport played with a rattan ball and gasing, a game involving highly polished giant tops are also favourites.

The Ministry of Culture, Youth & Sports regularly promotes sports in schools and clubs with sporting events and festivals. Badminton, tennis, sailing, cycling, motorsports and golf are equally popular. Brunei boasts excellent sporting venues and facilities and has hosted national events such as the 20th South East Asian (SEA) Games, the 2001 Primary FOBBISSEA Games and the 9th Asian Junior Athletic Championships.

In February 1999, Brunei had the honour to host the 1998 Baiduri World Grand Prix Badminton Finals. After a successful event, in December 1999, Brunei once again hosted the 1999 Baiduri World Grand Prix Badminton Finals. In August 2001, the Brunei World Grand Prix Badminton Finals 2000 was hosted again in Brunei attracting 16 top seed players to the Sultanate. This prestigious event offers spectators with a chance to view the best of the best in the world of badminton. 

The 35,000 seater Hassanal Bolkiah stadium is the main facility at a multi-purpose sports complex in the capital. Public swimming pools are available within Hassanal Bolkiah Sports Complex and Mumong Sports Complex in Kuala Belait.

Recreational facilities are also available at private clubs like Royal Brunei Recreation Club, Brunei Shell Recreation Club, Jerudong Park Polo Club and Royal Brunei Yacht Club. Golf courses are located at Panaga Club, Pantai Mentiri Golf Club, Jerudong Park Polo Club, Royal Brunei Golf Course and The Empire Hotel and Country Club. The Trijaya Jerudong Equestrian Park presents Bruneians and tourists with the opportunity to enjoy polo and equestrian activities. There is also a bowling alley at Jalan Tutong. Hashing or jogging is another established pastime with several forested areas being turned into recreation parks. Popular jogging areas in BSB are Bukit Shahbandar and Tasek Lama. The Peradayan Forest Reserve in Temburong has a recreational park covering 1,070 hectares with caves and sandstone formations.

One of the main attractions in Brunei Darussalam is the Jerudong Park playground, which provides exciting rides, games and amusements for visitors of all ages. Located approximately 25 minutes from town, the park can accommodate up to 60,000 people.

(Taken from: http://www.bruneipress.com.bn/brunei/brunei.html)

What is the country known for?

Brunei is a country best known for its sultan who was the richest man in the world until overtaken by Bill Gates. They are also well-known for its natural resources, which are petroleum, natural gas, and timber. 

Brunei currently is one of the few countries in the world that has more than half of its total land area as permanent forest reserves. This is a wise move because the forests are seen as an investment area for ecotourism as this small oil state moves towards economic diversification. 

Brunei is also famous for their Mosque. One of the most famous attraction in Bandar Seri Begawan, the Omar Ali Safiudeen Mosque. The mosque displayed the Malay architecture, a tall, shimmering white building with huge gold minarets and domes. Inside the building is pure white with golden Islamic/ Malay motifs and Arabic calligraphy. The blue and red stain glass and the green prayer rugs covering most of the expansive white marble floor make it complete. Around the inside perimeter were exotic gold lanterns. Around the center were huge chandeliers with the bulbs that looked like white candles with Malay-style gold domes where the flame would be.

In addition, according to some hotel sites, some of the tourist attractions are:

Tamu Kianggeh

Tamu Kianggeh is a market located on the banks of the Kianggeh River. ‘Tamu’ means marketplace and here you can find a large variety of local produce from wild herbs to local delicacies. The Tamu is also a good place to shop for local souvenirs and handicrafts. It is open from the early morning till evening.

The Royal Regalia Building

The Royal Regalia Building in the heart of Bandar Seri Begawan houses a collection of royal artefacts and was built to celebrate the 1992 Silver Jubilee of the Sultan’s accession to the throne. Visitors can view ceremonial regalia which includes the royal chariot, gold and silver ceremonial armoury, traditional jewel encrusted coronation crowns and a replica of the throne used by the Sultan on state occasions. 

The Merimbun Heritage Park

The Merimbun Heritage Park is a sanctuary for flora and fauna that visitors can enjoy and scientists can research. The country’s largest lake, Tasik Merimbun, is located inside. Nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers will enjoy exploring the many trails in this park that provide an awesome view of the wildlife and greenery.

Disneyfication

Disneyfication is a term that is designed to describe a society that has an increasing similarity to the Disney Theme Parks. It is also known as Disneyization. In another word, disneyfication is used to describe a society that is dedicated to themes, merchandising, huge consumption and emotion based labour. In terms of physical places, be it streets, towns or whole cities, it is primarily used to define a wholly unoriginal ‘soul-less’ place. 

There is hard any disneyfication in Brunei, partly because it is a strong culture country, hence not easily influenced to be disneyfied. One of the few example is the themed amusement park, Jejurong Amusement Park. One will be able to spot fastfood outlets in this amusement park or the city, just like any other parts of the world.

Another example is that the tribe would wear their costumes to perform for the special events just like then Disney characteristic. However, Brunei do not cultivate these habits of performing for tourists.

Other disneyfication include merchandising and hybrid consumption.

Fortunately, Brunei chose not to step on to it, and thus would not be tied down by Disneyfication.

Changes brought about by the growth of tourism...

In the past, Brunei only integrates aspects of Arab, Indian, Malay and Chinese styles of cooking. This adds up to one of the most interesting and delicious local cuisines in Asia, delighting visitors every time they come to Brunei. At its heart, though, the food in Brunei most resembles Malaysian and Chinese cooking.

However, as the number of tourist increases, the Brunei people actually serve European dishes. In hotels, guests will find typical European dishes along with Chinese, Indian and Malaysian fare. Fast food junkies of another kind can also be chosen from all the big name Western chains. 

Due to the fact that alcohol is prohibited in Brunei due to the Islamic social laws, there is no traditional beer or alcohol. Non-Muslim visitors are allowed to import a small amount of alcohol, but cannot drink it in public. In my opinion, sooner or later, the Brunei people may start seeing tourists drinking in the public. This may causes a change in the socio-cultural of the place.

Ecotourism is the the main focus of Brunei’s tourism in the past and is expected to remain the focus in the future as the Brunei government recognises the increasing concern for environmental issues and the subsequent boost in demand for ecotourism worldwide. Brunei has therefore been aggressively promoting its image as an ecotourism destination worldwide in magazines, television and through other media channels, using the Borneo cachet to evoke images of a tropical paradise in the heart of an exotic island. However, when there are more tourists coming in, pollutions occurs. The growth of tourism may destroy the ecotourism there.

Commodifying cultures and traditions

Commodification refers to turning an idea, value, item, belief into a commodity for the purpose of profit. Differences in cultural and religious values exert a considerable influence on the process of commodification. 

Barbie - Original American Style

Based on a study in USA on the issue of the commodification of Islam, I have found out that Barbie doll, which is America’s famous cultural icon, is now transformed and being associated with religious value of the Islam. Muslims are criticizing Barbie for subverting female piety, decency and morality. This emerging phenomenon has created an increasing demand for the morally acceptable hijabi doll. 

Indeed, there are issues and concerns on whether these hijabi dolls which are transformed from Barbie dolls are categorized as decent and moral, and whether it would exert an influence on young Muslim girls. However, putting aside the issue, Barbie dolls have indeed been commodified as the new Muslim dolls, with clothing and accessories which are accepted by the Muslims. 

Hijabi Dolls - Commodified Islamic Dolls

Hijab, simply refers to veil and these Hijabi Dolls are being packaged and marketed by entrepreneurs as “Islamic Dolls” or “Muslim Dolls”. Through this, a new meaning for doll has emerged, changing an innocent toy into a powerful symbol for religious correctness and piety. 

The dolls are also symbols which bring up a necessary debate on the significance and implications of religious commodification. 

Personally, I feel that different countries have different culture and traditions, and should not be criticized by others. Commodification is hard to avoid, as more and more scheming traders are coming up with more items to be commodified. Nonetheless, if one country is strong in his own culture stand, commodification would not cause much of an influence to them.